Species: rodent

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Rodents, members of Rodentia, are an order of mammals characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and lower jaws. About 40% of all mammals are rodents, and they are the most diversified mammalian order, living in a variety of habitats, including human-made environments.

Their distinguishing incisors do not stop growing, so the animal must continue to wear them down so that they do not pierce the skull. A gap, or diastema, occurs between the incisors and the cheek teeth in most species, allowing rodents to suck in their cheeks or lips to shield their mouth and throat from wood shavings and other inedible material, discarding it later. Rodents generally have well-developed senses of smell, hearing, and vision, with nocturnal species often having enlarged eyes. Many species have long, sensitive whiskers or vibrissae for touch or "whisking".

While the largest species, the capybara, can weigh as much as 146 lb, most rodents weigh less than 100 g. Rodents have wide-ranging body forms, but typically have squat bodies with short limbs. The nails of burrowing species tend to be long and strong, while arboreal rodents have shorter, sharper nails. Rodent species use a wide variety of methods of locomotion including quadrupedal walking, running, burrowing, climbing, bipedal hopping, swimming and even gliding. The majority of rodents have tails, which can be of many shapes and sizes. Some tails are prehensile, and the fur on the tails can vary from bushy to completely bald. Some have vestigial tails or no tails at all.

General anatomy

Subfamilies, genera, and species

Non-fictional species
  • rodent - order Rodentia (Thomas Edward Bowdich, 1821)
    • suborder Anomaluromorpha (Jørgen Bugge, 1974)
      • anomalure - family Anomaluridae (Paul Gervais; Alcide d'Orbigny, 1849)
        • Anomalurus (George R. Waterhouse, 1843)
        • Idiurus (Paul Matschie, 1894)
      • family Pedetidae (John Edward Gray, 1825)
        • springhare - Pedetes (Johann K.W. Illiger, 1811)
        • Megapedetes (D.G. MacInnes, 1957)
      • family Zenkerellidae (Paul Matschie, 1898)
        • Zenkerella (Paul Matschie, 1898)
    • suborder Castorimorpha (Albert Elmer Wood, 1955)
      • family Castoridae (Wilhelm Friedrich Hemprich, 1820)
      • superfamily Geomyoidea (Charles Lucien Bonaparte, 1845)
        • gopher - family Geomyidae (Charles Lucien Bonaparte, 1845)
        • heteromyid - family Heteromyidae (John Edward Gray, 1868)
          • subfamily Dipodomyinae (F.L. Paul Gervais, 1853)
          • subfamily Heteromyinae (John Edward Gray, 1868)
            • Diprionomys (Louise M. Kellogg, 1910)
            • spiny pocket mouse - family Heteromys (Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest, 1817)
            • Metaliomys (William W. Korth; Donald D. De Blieux, 2010)
          • pocket mouse - subfamily Perognathinae (Elliott Ladd Coues, 1875)
            • Chaetodipus (Clinton Hart Merriam, 1889)
            • Perognathus (A.P.M. zu Wied-Neuwied, 1839)
    • suborder Hystricomorpha (Friedrich von Brandt, 1855)
      • parvorder Caviomorpha (Albert Elmer Wood, 1955)
        • superfamily Cavioidea
          • caviid - family Caviidae (Fischer von Waldheim, 1818)
            • cavy - subfamily Caviinae (Fischer von Waldheim, 1817)
            • mara - subfamily Dolichotinae (Reginald Innes Pocock 1922)
              • genus Dolichotis
                • Chacoan mara - Dolichotis salinicola (K. Hermann K. Burmeister, 1876)
                • Patagonian mara - Dolichotis patagonum (E.A.W. von Zimmermann, 1780)
            • subfamily Hydrochoerinae (John Edward Gray, 1825)
              • capybara - genus Hydrochoerus (Mathurin Jacques Brisson, 1762)
              • rock cavy - genus Kerodon (Georges-Frédéric Cuvier, 1825)
          • paca - family Cuniculidae (Gerrit S. Miller Jr; James W. Gidley, 1918)
          • family Dinomyidae (Wilhelm K.H. Peters, 1873)
            • pacarana - genus Dinomys (Wilhelm K.H. Peters, 1873))
          • family Dasyproctidae (John Edward Gray 1825)
            • agouti - genus Dasyprocta (Johann K.W. Illiger, 1811)
            • acouchi - genus Myoprocta (M.R. Oldfield Thomas, 1903)
        • superfamily Chinchilliodea
          • chinchillone - family Abrocomidae (Gerrit S. Miller Jr; James W. Gidley, 1918)
          • chinchillid - family Chinchillidae (Edward Turner Bennett, 1833)
            • chinchilla - genus Chinchilla (Edward Turner Bennett, 1829)
            • viscacha - genera Lagidium (Franz Meyen, 1833); Lagostomus (Joshua Brookes, 1828)
        • New World porcupine - superfamily Erethizontoidea, family Erethizontidae (Charles Lucien Bonaparte, 1845)
        • superfamily Octodontidae (George R. Waterhouse, 1839)
          • hutias - family Capromyidae (Charles Hamilton Smith, 1842)
          • tuco-tuco - family Ctenomyidae (René P. Lesson, 1842)
          • echimyd - family Echimyidae (John Edward Gray, 1825)
            • hutias - subfamily Capromyidae (Charles Hamilton Smith, 1842)
            • tribe Myocastorini (Pierre-Henri Fabre; Nathan S. Upham; Louise H. Emmons; Fabienne Justy; Yuri L.R. Leite; Ana Carolina Loss; Ludovic Orlando; Marie-Ka Tilak; Bruce D. Patterson; Emmanuel J.P. Douzery, 2017)
              • painted tree-rat - Callistomys (Louise Emmons; María Guiomar Vucetich, 1998)
              • armored rat - Hoplomys (Joel Asaph Allen, 1908)
              • nutria - Myocastor (Robert Kerr, 1792)
              • Proechimys (Joel Asaph Allen, 1899)
              • Thrichomys (Édouard Louis Trouessart, 1880)
          • octodontid - family Octodontidae (George R. Waterhouse, 1839)
            • coruro - genus Spalacopus (Johann Georg Wagler, 1832), species Spalacopus cyanus (Juan Ignacio Molina, 1782)
            • degu
              • degu - genus Octodon (Edward Turner Bennett, 1823)
              • mountain degu - genus Octodontomys (Theodore Sherman Palmer, 1903)
            • rock rat - genus Aconaemys (Florentino Ameghino, 1891)
            • viscacha rat
              • mountain viscacha rat - genus Octomys (M.R. Oldfield Thomas, 1920)
              • golden viscaha rat - genus Pipanacoctomys, species Pipanacoctomys aureus (M.A. Mares; J.K. Braun; R.M. Barquez; M.M. Díaz; 2000)
              • Tympanoctomys (José Yepes, 1942)
      • parvorder Phiomorpha (René Lavocat, 1962)
      • gundi - family Ctenodactylidae (F.L Paul Gervais, 1853)
      • family Diatomyidae (Pierre René Mein; Léonard Ginsburg, 1997)
        • †Diatomys (Chuan-kui Li, 1974)
        • Laonastes (Paulina D. Jenkins; C. William Kilpatrick; Mark F. Robinson; Robert J. Timmins, 2005)
    • suborder Myomorpha (Friedrich von Brandt, 1855)
      • superfamily Dipodoidea (Fischer von Waldheim, 1817)
        • jerboa - family Dipodidae (Fischer von Waldheim, 1817)
          • subfamily Allactaginae (Boris Stepanovich Vinogradov, 1925)
          • subfamily Cardiocraniinae (Boris Stepanovich Vinogradov, 1925)
          • subfamily Dipodinae (Fischer von Waldheim, 1817)
            • Dipus (E.A.W. von Zimmermann, 1780)
            • Eremodipus (Boris Stepanovich Vinogradov, 1930)
            • Jaculus (Johann C.P. Erxleben, 1777)
            • Paradipus (Boris Stepanovich Vinogradov, 1930)
            • Stylodipus (Glover Morrill Allen, 1925)
          • long-eared jerboa - subfamily Euchoreutinae (Marcus W. Lyon Jr, 1901), genus Euchoreutes, species Euchoreutes naso (Philip Lutley Sclater, 1891)
        • family Sminthidae (Friedrich von Brandt, 1855)
        • jumping mouse - family Zapodidae (Elliott Ladd Coues, 1875)
          • Eozapus (Edward A. Preble, 1899)
          • Napaeozapus (Edward A. Preble, 1899)
          • Zapus (Elliott Ladd Coues, 1875)
      • superfamily Muroidea (Johann K.W. Illiger, 1811)
        • calomyscid - family Calomyscidae (Nikolai Nikolaevich Vorontsov; E.G. Potapova, 1979)
          • Calomyscus (M.R. Oldfield Thomas, 1905)
        • cricitid - family Cricetidae (Fischer von Waldheim, 1817)
          • subfamily Arvicolinae (John Edward Gray, 1821)
            • lemming - (see wiki page for genera)
              • tribe Dicrostonychini (Miklós Kretzoi, 1955)
                • collared lemming - Dicrostonyx (Constantin W.L. Gloger, 1841)
                • Predicrostonyx (R.D. Guthrie; J.V. Matthews Jr, 1971)
              • tribe Lagurini (Miklós Kretzoi, 1955)
                • Eolagurus (A.I. Argyropulo, 1946)
                • Lagurus (Constantin W.L. Gloger, 1841)
              • tribe Lemmini (George Gaylord Simpson, 1945)
            • muskrat - tribe Ondatrini (John Edward Gray, 1825)
              • Neofiber (Frederick W. True, 1884)
              • Ondatra (Johann H.F. Link, 1795)
            • vole - (see wiki page for genera)
              • tribe Arvicolini (John Edward Gray, 1821)
              • tribe Ellobiusini (Theodore Nicholas Gill, 1872)
              • tribe Myodini (Miklós Kretzoi, 1969)
              • tribe Phenacomyini (Igor Zagorodniuk, 1990)
              • tribe Pliomyini (Miklós Kretzoi, 1955)
              • tribe Prometheomyini (Miklós Kretzoi, 1955)
          • hamster - subfamily Cricetinae (Fischer von Waldheim, 1817)
            • Allocricetulus (A.I. Argyropulo, 1932)
            • Cansumys (Glover Morrill Allen, 1928)
            • Cricetulus (Henri Milne-Edwards, 1867)
            • Cricetus (Nathanael Gottfried Leske, 1779)
            • Mesocricetus (Alfred Nehring, 1894)
            • Phodopus (Gerrit S. Miller Jr, 1910)
            • Tscherskia (Sergey Ivanovich Ognev, 1914)
        • murid - family Muridae (Johann K.W. Illiger, 1811)
          • deomyine - subfamily Deomyinae (M.R. Oldfield Thomas, 1888)
            • spiny mouse - genus Acomys (Isidore G. Saint-Hilaire, 1838)
            • link rat - genus Deomys, species Deomys ferrugineus (M.R. Oldfield Thomas, 1888)
            • brush-furred mouse - genus Lophuromys (Wilhelm K.H. Peters, 1874)
            • Rudd's mouse - genus Uranomys, species Uranomys ruddi (John Guy Dollman, 1909)
          • gerbil - subfamily Gerbillinae (John Edward Gray, 1825)
            • Ammodillus (M.R. Oldfield Thomas, 1904)
            • Brachiones (M.R. Oldfield Thomas, 1925)
            • Desmodilliscus (Otto von Wettstein, 1916)
            • Desmodillus (M.R. Oldfield Thomas & H. Schwann, 1904)
            • Dipodillus (Fernand Lataste, 1881)
            • Gerbilliscus (M.R. Oldfield Thomas, 1897)
            • Gerbillurus (Guy C. Shortridge, 1942)
            • Gerbillus (Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest, 1804)
            • Meriones (Johann K.W. Illiger, 1811)
            • Microdillus (M.R. Oldfield Thomas, 1910)
            • Pachyuromys (Fernand Lataste, 1880)
            • Psammomys (Philipp Jakob Cretzschmar, 1828)
            • Rhombomys (Johann Andreas Wagner, 1841)
            • Sekeetamys (John Ellerman, 1947)
            • Tatera (Fernand Lataste, 1882)
            • Taterillus (M.R. Oldfield Thomas, 1910)
          • subfamily Leimacomyinae (Guy Graham Musser; Michael D. Carleton, 2005)
            • Togo mouse - genus Leimacomys, species Leimacomys buettneri (Paul Matschie, 1893)
          • subfamily Lophiomyinae (Henri Milne-Edwards, 1867)
            • maned rat - genus Lophiomys, species Lophiomys imhausi (Henri Milne-Edwards, 1867)
          • murine - subfamily Murinae (Johann K.W. Illiger, 1811) - (see wiki page for genera)
            • tribe Apodemini (Emilie Lecompte; Ken Alpin; Christaine Denys; François Catzeflis; Marion Chades; Pascale Chevret, 2008)
            • tribe Arvicanthini (Emilie Lecompte; Ken Alpin; Christaine Denys; François Catzeflis; Marion Chades; Pascale Chevret, 2008)
            • tribe Hapalomyini (Marie Pagès; Pierre-Henri Fabre; Yannick Chaval; Alessio Mortelliti; Violaine Nicolas; Konstans Wells; Johan R. Michaux; Vincent Lazzari, 2015)
            • tribe Hydromyini (John Edward Gray, 1825)
            • tribe Malacomyini (Emilie Lecompte; Ken Alpin; Christaine Denys; François Catzeflis; Marion Chades; Pascale Chevret, 2008)
            • tribe Millardini (Emilie Lecompte; Ken Alpin; Christaine Denys; François Catzeflis; Marion Chades; Pascale Chevret, 2008)
            • tribe Murini (Adolf Herluf Winge, 1887) - (see mouse wiki page for Mus species)
            • otomyin - tribe Otomyini (M.R. Oldfield Thomas, 1897)
            • cloud rat - tribe Phloeomyini (Edward Richard Alston, 1876)
            • praomyin - tribe Praomyini (Emilie Lecompte; Ken Alpin; Christaine Denys; François Catzeflis; Marion Chades; Pascale Chevret, 2008)
            • rattin - tribe Rattini (Gilbert Thomas Burnett, 1830) - (see rat wiki page for Rattus species)
            • tribe Vandeleurini (John Edward Gray, 1842)
        • nesomyid - family Nesomyidae (C.I. Forsyth Major, 1897)
          • pouched rat - subfamily Cricetomyinae (Austin Roberts, 1951)
            • Beamys (M.R. Oldfield Thomas, 1909)
            • giant pouched rats - Cricetomys (George R. Waterhouse, 1840)
            • Saccostomus (Wilhelm K.H. Peters, 1846)
          • subfamily Delanymyinae (Guy Graham Musser; Michael Dean Carleton, 2005)
            • Delanymys (Robert William Hayman, 1962)
          • subfamily Dendromurinae (Edward R. Alston, 1876)
            • Dendromus (Andrew Smith, 1829)
            • Dendroprionomys (Francis Petter, 1966)
            • Malacothrix (Johann Andreas Wagner, 1843)
            • Megadendromus (Fritz Dieterlan; Hanz Rupp, 1978)
            • Prionomys (John Guy Dollman, 1910)
            • Steatomys (Wilhelm K.H. Peters, 1846)
          • white-tailed rat - subfamily Mystromyinae (Boris Stepanovich Vinogradov, 1966), genus Mystromys (Johann Andreas Wagner, 1841), species Mystromys albicaudatus (Andrew Smith, 1834)
          • subfamily Nesomyinae (C.I. Forsyth Major, 1897)
            • antsangy - Brachytarsomys (Albert K.L.G. Günther, 1875)
            • Brachyuromys (C.I. Forsyth Major, 1896)
            • Eliurus (Alphonse Milne-Edwards, 1885)
            • voalavoanala - Gymnuromys (C.I. Forsyth Major, 1896)
            • Hypogeomys (Alfred Grandidier, 1869)
            • Macrotarsomys (Alphonse Milne-Edwards; Alfred Grandidier, 1898)
            • Malagasy mountain mouse - Monticolomys (Michael D. Carleton; Steven M. Goodman, 1996)
            • red forest rat - Nesomys (Wilhelm K.H. Peters, 1870)
            • Voalavo (Michael D. Carleton; Steven M. Goodman, 1998)
          • rock mouse - subfamily Petromyscinae (Austin Roberts, 1951), genus Petromyscus (M.R. Oldfield Thomas, 1926)
        • platacanthomyid - family Platacanthomyidae (Edward Richard Alston, 1876)
        • spalacid - family Spalacidae (John Edward Gray, 1821)
          • zokor - subfamily Myospalacinae (William Lilljeborg, 1866)
            • Eospalax (Glover Morrill Allen, 1938)
            • Myospalax (Erik Gustavovich Laxmann, 1769)
          • subfamily Rhizomyinae (Adolf Herluf Winge, 1887)
          • blind mole-rat - subfamily Spalacinae (John Edward Gray, 1821)
            • Nannospalax (Theodore Sherman Palmer, 1903)
            • Spalax (Johann Anton Güldenstädt, 1770)
    • scuiromorph - suborder Sciuromorpha (Friedrich von Brandt, 1855)
      • family Aplodontiidae (Friedrich von Brandt, 1855)
        • Aplodontia (John Richardson, 1829)
        • Niglarodon (C.C. Black, 1961)
        • Ninamys (Monique Vianey-Liaud; Helder Gomes Rodrigues; Laurent Marivaux, 2013)
        • Oligopetes (Kurt Heissig, 1979)
      • dormouse - family Gliridae (Lockhart Muirhead; David Brewster, 1819)
        • subfamily Glirinae (Lockhart Muirhead, 1819)
          • Glirulus (M.R. Oldfield Thomas, 1906)
          • Glis (Mathurin Jacques Brisson, 1762)
        • African dormouse - subfamily Graphiurinae (Adolf Herluf Winge, 1887)
          • Graphiurus (Johannes Smuts, 1832)
        • subfamily Leithiinae (Richard Lydekker, 1896)
          • Chinese dormouse - genus Chaetocauda, species Chaetocauda sichuanensis (Youzhi Wang, 1985)
          • Dryomys (M.R. Oldfield Thomas, 1905)
          • Eliomys (Johann Andreas Wagner, 1840)
          • Hypnomys (Dorothea M.A. Bate, 1918)
          • Leithia (Richard Lydekker, 1896)
          • hazel dormouse - Muscardinus (Johann Jakob Kaup, 1829), species Muscardinus avellanarius (Carl Linnaeus, 1758)
          • Myomimus (Sergey Ivanovich Ognev, 1924)
          • desert dormouse - genus Selevinia, species Selevinia betpakdalaensis (B.A. Belosludov; V.S. Bazhanov, 1939)
      • squirrel - family Sciuridae (Fischer von Waldheim, 1817)
        • subfamily Callosciurinae (Reginald Innes Pocock, 1923)
          • tribe Callosciurini
          • tribe Funambulini
            • Funambulus (René P. Lesson, 1835)
        • Oriental giant squirrel - subfamily Ratufinae (Joseph Curtis Moore, 1959), genus Ratufa (John Edward Gray, 1867)
        • Neotropical pygmy squirrel - subfamily Sciurillinae (Joseph Curtis Moore, 1959), genus Sciurillus (M.R. Oldfield Thomas, 1914)
        • subfamily Sciurinae (Wilhelm Friedrich Hemprich, 1820)
          • flying squirrel - tribe Pteromyini (Friedrich von Brandt, 1855)
            • Aeretes (Glover Morrill Allen, 1940)
            • Aeromys (Herbert C. Robinson; Cecil B. Kloss, 1915)
            • Belomys (M.R. Oldfield Thomas, 1908)
            • Biswamoyopterus (Subhendu Sekhar Saha, 1981)
            • Eoglaucomys (Arthur Holmes Howell, 1915)
            • Eupetaurus (M.R. Oldfield Thomas, 1888)
            • Glaucomys (M.R. Oldfield Thomas, 1908)
            • Hylopetes (M.R. Oldfield Thomas, 1908)
            • Iomys (M.R. Oldfield Thomas, 1908)
            • Petaurillus (M.R. Oldfield Thomas, 1908)
            • Petaurista (Johann H.F. Link, 1795)
            • Petinomys (M.R. Oldfield Thomas, 1908)
            • Priapomys (Quan Li; Feng Cheng; Stephen M. Jackson; Kristofer M. Helgen; Wen-Yu Song; Shao-Ying Liu; Daosavanh Sanamxay; Song Li; Fei Li; Yun Xiong; Jun Sun, 2021)
            • Pteromys (Georges Cuvier, 1800)
            • Pteromyscus (M.R. Oldfield Thomas, 1908)
            • Trogopterus (Pierre Marie Heude, 1898)
          • tribe Sciurini (Fischer von Waldheim, 1817)
            • Microsciurus (Joel Asaph Allen, 1895)
            • Rheithrosciurus (John Edward Gray, 1867)
            • Sciurus (Carl Linnaeus, 1758)
            • Syntheosciurus (Outram Bangs, 1902)
            • Tamiasciurus (Édouard Louis Trouessart, 1880)
        • subfamily Xerinae (Henry F. Osborn Sr, 1910)
          • chipmunk - tribe Marmotini (Johann K.W. Illiger, 1811)
            • subtribe Marmotina
              • prairie dog - Cynomys (C.S. Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1817)
              • marmot - Marmota (Johann Friedrich Blumenbach, 1779)
            • subtribe Spermophilina
              • Ammospermophilus (Clinton Hart Merriam, 1892)
              • Ictidomys (Joel Asaph Allen, 1877)
              • Spermophilus (Georges-Frédéric Cuvier, 1825)
            • subtribe Tamiina
              • Eutamias (Édouard Louis Trouessart, 1880)
              • Neotamias (Arthur Holmes Howell, 1929)
              • Nototamias (A.E. Pratt; G.S. Morgan, 1989)
              • Tamias (Johann K.W. Illiger, 1811)
            • Callospermophilus (Clinton Hart Merriam, 1897)
            • Notocitellus (Arthur Holmes Howell, 1938)
            • Otospermophilus (Friedrich von Brandt, 1844)
            • Poliocitellus (Arthur Holmes Howell, 1938)
            • Sciurotamias (Gerrit S. Miller Jr, 1901)
            • Urocitellus (Sergei Iwanowitsch Obolenskij, 1927)
            • Xerospermophilus (Clinton Hart Merriam, 1892)
          • tribe Protoxerini (Joseph Curtis Moore, 1959)
            • Epixerus (M.R. Oldfield Thomas, 1909)
            • Funisciurus (Édouard Louis Trouessart, 1880)
            • Heliosciurus (Édouard Louis Trouessart, 1880)
            • Myosciurus (M.R. Oldfield Thomas, 1909)
            • Paraxerus (C.I. Forsyth Major, 1893)
            • Protoxerus (C.I. Forsyth Major, 1893)
          • tribe Xerini (Henry F. Osborn Sr, 1910)
            • Atlantoxerus (C.I. Forsyth Major, 1893)
            • Euxerus (C.I. Oldfield Thomas, 1909)
            • Geosciurus (Andrew Smith, 1834)
            • Spermophilopsis (August W.H. Blasius, 1884)
            • Xerus (Wilhelm F. Hemprich; Christian G. Ehrenberg, 1833)
Fictional species

More information:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodent

Other rankings

The following tags are aliased to this tag: rodents (learn more).

This tag implicates mammal (learn more).

The following tags implicate this tag: beaver, burmecian, capybarian, caviid, chinchillid, cricetid, dipodid, dormouse, gopher, gundi, heteromyid, murid, naked_mole-rat, nezumi_(magic:_the_gathering), nutria, octodontid, paca, pacarana, porcupine, ratonga, rodent_humanoid, rodent_taur, saber-toothed_squirrel, sciurid, skaven, springhare, wererodent (learn more).

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